Your estate consists of the assets that you will pass on to your beneficiaries when you pass away. Estate planning means deciding where your assets will go when you die. It takes time, thought, and the knowledgeable assistance of a qualified attorney. Even if you diligently plan your estate on your own, it is easy to make mistakes. Mistakes can result in portions of your estate being unnecessarily taxed and assets going to the wrong beneficiaries.
We have compiled a list of some of the most common mistakes individuals make in estate planning. Please review the list, but also plan to meet with a qualified attorney to review your unique estate. One of the most common mistakes people make when it comes to their estate is that they simply fail to prepare a plan. Many people, especially the young and healthy, never even set up a Living Will. Living Wills are important to have at any age because they serve as a directive in the event that you become incapacitated. Even though far fewer young people plan their estates, more than twice as many 20-somethings die in car accidents than 60-somethings. Therefore, it is crucial that you plan your estate regardless of your age, health, or income level.
Saving Taxes – People have heard this phrase over and over again in newspaper ads inviting people to public seminars put on by a “national expert” that nobody has ever really heard of. But, how does a Trust really help to save taxes? Under today’s tax laws, a common Revocable Trust does not save taxes for most people. First, a Trust doesn’t save any income taxes. The Trust is ignored for income tax purposes and all of the income generated by the Trust is taxed to the individual Grantors of the Trust as usual. Also, for a single person, a Trust does not save any estate taxes. But, for a married couple, a Trust can save estate taxes. Most married couples have a Revocable Trust, that splits into an “A” and a “B” trust at the death of the first spouse. The primary reason for this split is that it guarantees that the couple will get two exemptions to apply against the estate tax. One exemption for the “B” trust when the first spouse dies, and then a second exemption against the “A” trust when the surviving spouse passes. Without an A/B trust, it is possible that the exemption of the first spouse could be wasted. But, since the federal estate tax exemption is now set at $5 million, most couples only need one exemption anyway. So, in the end, for probably 95% of married couples, having a trust will not save any estate taxes. Now, this is true as to the Revocable living trust.
If you find that they are, it will be worth your while to discuss with an expert the estate planning tax strategies which will let you preserve as much of your assets as possible for your heirs. These strategies can include things placing your assets into a living so that you can control them during your lifetime, and prevent them from being included in your taxable estate when you die. Having a living trust will also benefit your heirs, because it will exempt you assets from being tied up in the expensive and lengthy probate process.
Restrictions and Incentives for Children – The key question here relates to the timing in which a child should gain unrestricted access, an outright distribution, to the assets after the death of both parents. We would all agree that if a child is a minor, then the assets should be controlled and restricted by an independent trustee for a period of time. What we may disagree on, is the appropriate age in which all restrictions and the independent trustee should be removed. Some clients say age 25, some say 30, and I have had many that say 50 or 60. My experience is that the older my clients are, the higher they will set the ages for their children to gain control. For example, if the kids are minors, then most couples will set the restriction to be lifted at age 30. However, if the couple is much older, and the kids are already over age 30, then these couples may set the restrictions to age 40 or 45. We may also want to build certain “incentives” into the estate plan. A common incentive is “if you earn a buck, then the trust will pay you another buck”. So, you create an incentive for a child to go out and earn a living. Over the years, I have seen the destruction that is brought to a “trust fund baby”. Money and inheritances can ruin a child and ruin a life. That is why many wealthy people will leave large portions of their wealth to charities, instead of their children (and yes, there are income tax advantages and estate tax advantages of doing this, but the primary reason would be to encourage the child to have a productive life). You may also want to provide incentives depending on if a child graduates from college or achieves some other educational benchmark. I do see the risk of using the trust as a “carrot” that is dangled in front of a child to be manipulative. But, some well thought out incentives can really go a long way to help a son or a daughter cope with the vicissitudes of life and be blessing to them, and not a curse.
Because life events, such as divorce, loss of job, etc., may change your assets, it is important to periodically revisit your plan to ensure that it is always current. Many people die without reviewing their assets, so their plans cannot be carried out as they had desired. By regularly reviewing your plan, you are able to help your beneficiaries inherit the assets you leave behind for them without having to fight for them in court or with other beneficiaries.
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